Rapid Institutional Hurdle Filter for Residential & Commercial Real Estate Underwriting
Mandate: Never rely on broker offering memorandums (OM) displaying 38%–42% expense ratios. True cross-cycle property operations require a minimum 50% Expense Ratio (inclusive of real estate tax reassessments at purchase price, 8% off-site property management, and realistic turnover reserves).
Mandate: Capital is defended when acquiring physical real estate at a material discount to new construction reproduction costs. If a competitor can build modern supply across the street at a similar basis, you have zero moat.
$$\text{Debt Yield} = \frac{\text{Year 1 Sanitized NOI}}{\text{Total Loan Amount}} \ge 9.5\%$$ Protects against capital calls if refinancing cap rates expand by 200+ bps at debt maturity.
Every acquisition must be structured with 7- to 10-year fixed agency or commercial bank financing. Zero short-term floating-rate bridge loans.
| Checkpoint | Audit Focus | Value Creation Playbook | Hurdle Score |
|---|---|---|---|
| A. Utility Submetering | Are water, sewer, and trash billed to owner? | Institute Ratio Utility Billing System (RUBS). Recaptures $400-$600/unit/yr. | [ +50-80 bps Cap ] |
| B. Major Systems Lifecycle | Roofs > 15 yrs? HVAC > 12 yrs? Galvanized pipes? | Escrow immediate capital reserve from purchase price; demand seller credit. | [ Zero Cap Calls ] |
| C. Tenant Rent-to-Income | Do in-place tenants earn > 3.0x monthly rent? | Ensures rent durability during localized recessions or employment shifts. | [ > 92% Collections ] |
| D. 12-Month PITI Reserve | Hard cash reserves held in money market/T-Bills | 12 full months of Principal, Interest, Taxes, and Insurance funded at closing. | [ Mandatory ] |